90. Appraising mortality inequalities among different age groups. BMC Public Health July 19, 2010: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/260/comments#413678
Responding to:
Menvielle G, Leclerc A, Chastang, J-F, Luce D. Socioeconomic inequality in cause specific morality among older people in France. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:260 (http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-10-260.pdf (
89. Rethinking the premises of subgroup analyses. BMJ June 7, 2010): http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/340/mar30_3/c117
Responding to:
Sun X, Briel M. Walter SD, and Guyatt GH. Is as subgroup effect believable? Updating criteria to evaluated the credibility of subgroup analyses. BMJ 2010;340:850-854
88. Relative differences cannot effectively identify reporting heterogeneity. Journal Review May 21, 2010: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17510069.html
Responding to:
Huisman M, van Lenthe F, Mackenbach JP. The predictive ability of self assessed health for mortality in different educational groups. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:1207–1213.
87. Research into effects of interventions on inequalities must first address measurement issues. Journal Review Apr. 28, 2020:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19692738.html
Responding to:
Bambra C, Gibson M, Sowden A, et al. Tackling the wider social determinants of health and health inequalities: evidence from systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;64:284-291.
86. Interpreting racial differences in hypertension control. Journal Review Apr. 28, 2020:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15883244.html
Responding to:
Rehman SU, Hutchison FN, Hendrix K, et al. Ethnic differences in blood pressure control among men at Veterans Affairs clinic and other health care sites. Arch Intern med. 2005;165:1041-104.
85. Additional Issues to be considered by a World Council of Epidemiology and Causality. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology April 8, 2010:
http://www.ete-online.com/content/6/1/6/comments#396680
Responding to:
Bhopal R. Seven mistakes and potential solutions in epidemiology, including a call for a World Council of Epidemiology and Causality. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2009,6:6.
84. Incentive programs to reduce healthcare disparities should await better understanding of how to measure those disparities. Journal Review March 2, 2010:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19955518.html
Responding to:
Siegel B, Nolan L. Leveling the field – ensuring equity through National Health Care Reform. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2401-2403.
83. Interpreting data on comparative efficacy of an intervention in settings with different base rates. Journal Review Feb. 28, 2010:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/20107214.html
Responding to:
Madhi SA, Cunliffe NA, Steele D, et al. Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants. N Engl J Med 2010;362:289-98.
82. Importance of distinguishing disparities in survival from disparities in mortality. Feb. 17, 2010: http://www.jpscanlan.com/images/Comment_on_Keegan.pdf
Responding to:
Keegan, THM, Clarke CA, Chang ET, et al. Disparities in survival after Hodgkin lymphoma: a population based study. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20:1881-1892
81. The importance of distinguishing mortality inequalities from survival inequalities. Journal Review Feb. 17, 2010:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/20056966.html
Responding to:
Hill S, Sarfati D, Blakely t, et al. Survival disparities in indigenous and non-indigenous New Zealanders with colon cancer: the role of patient comorbidity, treatment, and health service factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;64:117-123.
80. Health disparities cannot be measured without consideration of the overall prevalence of an outcome. Journal Review Feb.10, 2010: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/20019299.html
Responding to:
Orsi JM, Margellos-Anast H., Whitman S. Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-Year Progress Analysis. Am J Public Health. 201;100:349-356.
79. Understanding the forces driving cross-national variations in relative differences in outcome rates. Eur J Pub Health Jan. 25, 2009: http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/eletters/19/5/452
Responding to:
Huijts T, Eikemo TA. Causality, social selectivity or artefacts? Why socioeconomic inequalities in health are not smallest in the Nordic countries. Eur J Pub Health 2009;19:452-53.
78. Authors recommending financial incentives to reduce disparities must confront measurement issues. Pediatrics Jan. 9, 2010: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/eletters/124/Supplement_3/S224
Responding to:
Chin MH, Alexander-Young M, Burnet DJ. Health care quality-improvement approaches to reducing child health disparities. Pediatrics 2009;14:S224-S236: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/124/Supplement_3/S224
77. The effect of changes in the overall prevalence of an outcome on relative differences in experiencing and avoiding it. BMJ Dec. 28, 2009: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/339/sep10_2/b3454
Responding to:
Gregory IN. Comparison between geographies of mortality and deprivation from the 100s and 2001: spatial analysis of census and mortality statistics. BMJ 2009;339:b3454
76. Disparities quality index is flawed in several respects. Journal Review Dec. 19, 2009: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19369851.html
Responding to:
Siegel B, Bear D, Andres E, Mead H. Measuring equity: An index of health care disparities. Q Manage Health Care 2009;18(2):84-90.
75. Mastering tools to monitor health disparities should precede expansion of monitoring. Journal Review Dec. 5, 2009: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19114606.html
Responding to:
Rosenthal MB, Landon Bruce E., Normand ST, et al. Engagement of health plans and employers in addressing racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Med Care Res Rev 2009;66(2):219-231.
74. Article on disparities in control of cardiovascular disease and diabetes raises several measurement issues. Ann Int Med Nov. 30, 2009:
http://www.annals.org/content/150/8/505/reply#annintmed_el_120732
Responding to:
McWilliams JM, Meara E., Zaslavsky AM, Ayanian JZ. Differences in control of cardiovascular disease and diabetes by race, ethnicity, and education, U.S. trends from 1999 to 2006 and effects of Medicare coverage. Ann Int Med 2009;150:505-515.
73. Measuring disparities in risk factors by means of absolute differences between rates. Journal Review Nov. 28, 2009:http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17130388.html
Responding to:
Kanjilat S, Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, et al. Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adjust, 1971-2002. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:2348-2355
72. The relationship between overall prevalence and measures of differences between outcome rates. International Journal for Equity in Health __________: http://jpscanlan.com/images/Comment_on_Eikemo_et_al..pdf
(This comment was submitted to the referenced journal pm October 3, 2009. The journal intends to post it after receiving replies from the authors of the articles it addresses. Meanwhile a version of the comment may be accessed by the indicated link.)
Responding to:
Eikemo TA, Skalicka V, Avendano M. Variations in health inequalities: are they a mathematical artifact? International Journal for Equity in Health 2009;8:32: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/pdf/1475-9276-8-32.pdf ; and Houweling TAJ, Kunst AE, Huisman M, Mackenbach JP. Using relative and absolute measures for monitoring health inequalities: experiences from cross-national analyses on maternal and child health. International Journal for Equity in Health 2007;6:15: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/6/1/15
71. Effects of standard adjustment approaches on relative and absolute inequalities. J Epidemiol and Community Health Nov. 2, 2009: http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/60/5/436
Responding to
Lynch J, Davey Smith G, Harper S, Bainbridge K. Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006:60:436-441
This is a follow-up to D.11. It also addresses issues raised in Singh-Manoux A, Nabi H, Shipley M, et al. The role of conventional risk factors in explaining social inequalities in coronary heart disease – the relative and absolute approaches. Epidemiology 2008;19:599-605
70. Measurement lessons learned, then forgotten. Journal Review May 6, 2009: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/18525043.html
Responding to:
Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam AJ, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2468-2481.
69. Study raises a number of issues about analyzing disparities between and among demographic groups. Journal Review March 23, 2009:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19124489.html
Responding to:
Harper S, Lynch J, Meersman SC, et al. Trends in area-socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer screening, mortality, and survival among women ages 50 years and over (1987-2005). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):121-131.
68. Relative differences in survival and relative differences in mortality are different things. Journal Review Mar. 3, 2009: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19218183.html
Responding to:
Woldemichael G, Christiansen D, Thomas S, Benbow N. Demographic characteristics and survival with AIDS in Chicago, 1993-2001. Am J Public Health 2009;XXX-XXX.doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124750.
67. Recommendations to incorporate reductions in disparities in P4P programs cannot ignore measurement issues. Journal Review Feb. 21, 2009: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/19089499.html
Responding to:
Chien AT, Chin MH. Incorporating disparity reduction into pay-for-performance. J Gen Intern Med 2008;24(1):135-136
66. Tying pay-for-performance to healthcare disparities should await mastery of measurement issues. BMJ Feb. 8, 2009: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/334/7608/1333
Responding to:
Bierman AS, Clark JP. Performance measure and equity. BMJ 2007;334:1333-1334
65. Measuring racial disparities in hypertension control. Ann Family Med Jan. 25, 2009: http://www.annfammed.org/cgi/eletters/6/6/483
Responding to:
Satcher D. Examining racial and ethnic disparities in health and hypertension control. Ann Fam Med 2008;6:483-485):
64. Interpreting patterns of changes in absolute differences between rates when common outcomes become even more common. BMJ Dec. 7, 2008: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/337/oct28_2/a2030
Responding to:
Ashworth M, Medina J, Morgan M. Effect of social deprivation on blood pressure monitoring and control in England: a survey of data from the quality and outcomes framework. BMJ 2008;337:a2030.
63. “Inverse equity hypothesis” overlooks important statistical tendencies. Journal Review Dec. 2, 2008 : http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/11009159.html
Responding to:
Victora CG, Vaughan JP, Barros FC, et al. Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies. Lancet 2000;356:1093-1098
62. Interpreting patterns of changes in measures of demographic differences in folate status in light of overall improvements in folate status. Journal Review Dec. 2, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/18456713.html
Responding to:
Dowd JB, Aiello AE. Did national folic acid fortification reduce socioeconomic and racial disparities in folate status in the US. Int J Epidemiol 2008:37:1059-1066
61. Measures of health and healthcare disparities that are unaffected by the overall prevalence of an outcome. BMJ Nov. 29, 2008): http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/332/7547/967
Responding to:
Low A, Low A. Importance of relative measures in policy on health inequalities. BMJ. 2006;332:967-969.
60. Illustrating whether the relationship between race and allostatic load scores increases with age. Journal Review July 24, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16380565.html
Responding to:
Geronimus A, Hicken M, Keene D, and Bound J. Weathering and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States. Am J Pub Health 2006;96:826-833.
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16380565.html
59. Relative differences in outcome rates tend to be large where outcomes are rare. Journal Review May 31, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15757918.html
Responding to:
Kawachi I, Daniels N, Robinson DE. Health disparities by race and class: why both matter. Health Affairs 2005;24(2):343-352.
58. Identifying meaningful differences in inequalities in revascularization rates in different settings. Journal Review May 9, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/12594194.html
(version with formatting issues addressed: http://www.jpscanlan.com/images/Second_Hetemaa_Comment.pdf)
Responding to:
Hetemaa T, Keskimäki I, Manderbacka, et al. How did the recent increase in the supply or coronary operations in Finland affect socioeconomic and gender equity in their use? J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:178-185.
57. Health disparities curricula must address measurement issues. Ann Intern Med May 12, 2008: http://www.annals.org/cgi/eletters/147/9/654
Responding to:
Smith WR, Betancourt JR, Wynia MK. Recommendations for teaching about racial and ethnic differences in health and health care. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:654-665.
56. Study shows different adjustment approaches rather than different relative and absolute perspectives. Journal Review May 1, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17591645.html
Responding to:
Khang YH, Lynch JW, Jung-Choi K, Cho HJ. Explaining age-specific inequalities in mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease among South Korean public servants: relative and absolute perspectives. Heart 2008;94:75-82.
55. Understanding patterns of absolute differences in vaccination rates in different settings. Journal Review Apr. 22, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/11572737.html
Responding to:
Schneider EC, Cleary PD, Zaslavsky AM, Epstein AM. Racial disparity in influenza vaccination: Does managed care narrow the gap between blacks and whites? JAMA 2001;286:1455-1460.
54. Misinterpreting patterns of relative differences in mortality. Am J Public Health Apr. 13, 2008: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/98/4/699
Responding to:
Wilkinson RG, Pickett KE. Income inequality and socioeconomic gradients in mortality. Am J Public Health 2008;98:699-704.
53. Comparisons of the sizes of differences between black and white rates for different procedures are not informative without consideration of the overall levels for each procedure. Journal Review Mar. 28, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15471775.html
Responding to:
Baicker K, Chandra A, Skinner JS, Wennberg JE. Who you are and where you live: how race and geography affect the treatment of Medicare beneficiaries. Health Affairs 2004:Var-33-Var-44.
52. Study illustrates ways in which the direction of a change in disparity turns on the measure chosen. Pediatrics Mar. 27, 2008 (responding to Morita JY, Ramirez E, Trick WE. Effect of school-entry vaccination requirements on racial and ethnic disparities in Hepatitis B immunization coverage among public high school students. Pediatrics 2008;121:e547-e552.): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/eletters/121/3/e547
Responding to:
51. First learn to measure healthcare disparities. Health Affairs Mar. 12, 2008: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/eletters/26/3/w405
Responding to:
Casalino LP, Elster A, Eisenberg A, et al. Will pay-for-performance and quality reporting affect health care disparities? Health Affairs 2007;26(3):405-414.
51a. Reconsidering a landmark study. Journal Review Dec. 21, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/9186383.html
Replacing item 50 following Lancet’s discontinuation of posted responses.
50. Reconsidering a landmark study. Lancet Feb. 25, 2008: see D51a.
Responding to:
Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE, Cavelaars AE, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in
morbidity and mortality in western Europe, Lancet 1997; 349: 1655-59.
49. Inclusion of healthcare disparities issues in pay-for-performance programs should await development of reliable means of measuring changes in disparities over time. Journal Review Feb. 16, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17426053.html
Responding to:
Casalino LP, Elster A, Eisenberg A, et al. Will pay-for-performance and quality reporting affect health care disparities? Health Affairs 2007;26(3):405-414.
48. Perceptions of changes in healthcare disparities among the elderly dependant on choice of measure, Journal Review 2/12/08:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15451752.html
Responding to:
Escarce JJ, McGuire TG. Changes in racial differences in use of medical procedures and diagnostic tests among elderly persons: 1986-1997. Am J Public Health 2004;94:1795-1799.
47. Pay-for-performance and the measurement of healthcare disparities. Journal Review Feb. 10, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17881629.html
Responding to:
Chien AT, Chin MH, Davis AM, Casalino LP. Pay for performance, public reporting, and racial disparities in health car: how are programs being designed. Med Car Res Rev 2007;64:283S-304S.
46a. Implications of the focus on racial/ethnic disparities in control rather than processes in the context of pay-for-performance . Journal Review Feb. 10, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15769766.html
Responding to:
Follow up on item 46.
46. Pay-for-performance implications of the failure to recognize the way changes in prevalence of an outcome affect measures of racial disparities in experiencing the outcome. Journal Review Feb. 8, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15769766.html
Responding to:
Werner, RM, Asch DA, Polsky D. Racial profiling: The unintended consequences of coronary artery bypass graft report cards. Circulation 2005;111:1257–63.
45. Comparing health inequalities across time and place with an understanding of the usual correlations between various measures of difference and overall prevalences. Journal Review Jan. 30, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17898027.html
Responding to:
Moser K, Frost C, Leon D. Comparing health inequalities across time and place—rate ratios and rate differences lead to different conclusions: analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries 1991–200. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:1285-1291.
44. Increases in relative differences in adverse health outcomes do not necessarily reflect increasing health inequality. Am J Public Health Jan. 24, 2008: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/98/2/216
Responding to:
Frohlich KL, Potvin L. Transcending the Known in Public Health Practice: The inequality paradox: The population approach and vulnerable populations. Am J Pub Health 2008;98:216-221.
43. Comparing the size of inequalities in dichotomous measures in light of the standard correlations between such measures and the prevalence of an outcome. Journal Review Jan. 14, 2008:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/12850975.html
(version with properly formatted tables: http://www.jpscanlan.com/images/Bostrom_and_Rosen_Comment.pdf)
Responding to:
Boström G, Rosén M. Measuring social inequalities in health – politics or science? Scan J Public Health 2003;31:211-215
42. Recognizing the way correlations between improvements in healthcare and reductions in healthcare disparities tend to turn on the choice of disparities measure. Journal Review Nov. 9, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/12597759.html
Responding to:
Aaron KF, Clancy CM. Improving quality and reducing disparities. JAMA 2003;289:1033-34.
41a. Correction to statements concerning the measurement of healthcare disparities by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in earlier comment on Trivedi et al. Journal Review Nov. 15, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17062863.html
Correcting item 41 supra.
41.* Understanding patterns of correlations between plan quality and different measures of healthcare disparities. Journal Review Aug. 30, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17062863.html
Responding to:
Trivedi AN, Zaslavsky AM, Schneider EC, Ayanian JZ. Relationship between quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare health plans. JAMA 2006;296:1998-2004.
40a.* Correction to statements concerning the measurement of healthcare disparities by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in earlier comment on Sequist et al. Journal Review Nov. 15, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16567608.html
Correcting item 40.
40. Understanding the ways improvements in quality affect different measures of disparities in healthcare outcomes regardless of meaningful changes in the relationships between two groups’ distributions of factors associated with the outcome. Journal Review Aug. 30, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16567608.html
Responding to:
Sequist TD, Adams AS, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D, Ayanian JZ. The effect of quality improvement on racial disparities in diabetes care. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:675-681.
39. Understanding widening socioeconomic differences in child mortality. Journal Review Aug. 27, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17666705.html
Responding to:
Singh GP, Kogan MD. Widening socioeconomic disparities in US childhood mortality, 1969-2000. Am J Public Health 2007:97:1658-1665
38. Interpreting patterns of differing effects of chronic conditions on self-assessed health. Journal Review June 30, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/18483833.html
Responding to:
Brown AF, Ang A, Pebley AR. The relationship between neighborhood characteristics and self-rated health for adults with chronic conditions. Am J Public Health 2007;97:926-932.
37. Recognizing expected patterns of relative differences in the Whitehall cohort. Journal Review June 25, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/10746111.html
Responding to:
van Rossum CTM, Shipley MJ, van de Mheen H, et al. Employment grade differences in cause specific mortality. A 25-year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:178-84.
36. Understanding the way choice of measure tends to dictate the results of studies of the way improvements in healthcare affect disparities. Journal Review June 19, 2007:
http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17372287.html
Responding to:
James PD, Wilkins R, Detsky AS, et al. Avoidable mortality by neighborhood income in Canada: 25 years after the establishment of universal health insurance. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:287-296.
35. Problems with the measurement of changes in health inequalities over time using dichotomous variables and possibilities using continuous variables. Journal Review June 19, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/12461113.html
Responding to:
Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Davey Smith GD. Change in health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002:56:922-926.
34. Recognizing why dichotomous and continuous measures may yield contrary results. BMJ June 11, 2007: http://www.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/334/7601/990
Responding to:
Chandola T, Ferrie J, Sacker A, Marmot M. Social inequalities in self reported health in early old age: follow-up of prospective cohort study. BMJ 2007:334:990-996.
33. Recognizing the statistical basis for advances in health care to cause larger relative reductions in mortality in groups with lower base rates. Journal Review June 9, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17213209.html
Responding to:
Korda RJ, Butler JRG, Clements MS, Kunitz SJ. Differential impacts of health care in Australia: trend analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:157-165.
32. Understanding the ways factors tend to increase outcome rates proportionately more in groups with lower base rates. Journal Review June 7, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/15961587.html
Responding to:
Thurston RC, Kubzansky LD, Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Is the association between socioeconomic position and coronary heart disease stronger in women than in men. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:57-64.
31. Role of the prevalence of an outcome in the size of rate differences. J Epidemiol Community Health June 4, 2007: http://jech.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/61/6/499
Responding to:
Martikainen P, Blomgren J, Valkonen T. Change in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality: analyses of all Finnish men and women the period 1971-2000. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:499-505.
30. Interpreting departures from expected patterns of relative differences. J Epidemiol Community Health June 4, 2007: http://jech.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/57/12/974
Responding to:
Mustard CA, Etches J. Gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:974-980.
29.* A study with a variety of problems. Journal Review June 2, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/10029647.html
Responding to:
Schulman KA, Berlin JA, Harless, et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians’ recommendations for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med 1999;340:618-26.
28. Understanding why the accomplishments of the welfare state generally will not reduce health inequalities as they are typically measured. Journal Review June 2, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16735637.html
Responding to:
Lawlor DA, Ronalds G, Macintyre S, et al. Family socioeconomic position at birth and future cardiovascular disease risk: findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study. Am J Public Health 2006;96:1271-1277.
27. Understanding when general increases in an outcome tend to result in increasing absolute differences between the rates of two groups. Journal Review June 1, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16107622.html
Responding to:
Trivedi AN, Zaslavsky AM, Schneider EC, Ayanian JZ. Trends in the quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare managed care. N Engl J Med 2005;353:692-700.
26. Understanding when general increases in an outcome tend to result in increasing absolute differences between the rates of two groups. Journal Review June 1, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16107621.html
Responding to:
Jha AK, Fisher ES, Li Z, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly. N Engl J Med 2005;353:683-691.
25. Understanding expected patterns of changes in absolute differences between the rates at which racial or gender groups receive adequate care. Journal Review May 1, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/12597751.html
Responding to:
Sehgal AR. Impact of quality improvement efforts on race and sex disparities in hemodialysis. JAMA 2003;289:996-1000.
24. Recognizing the role of the prevalence of an outcome in comparing the size of relative differences in experiencing or failing to experience the outcome. Journal Review May 31, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/10882763.html
Responding to:
Gan SC, Beaver SK, Houck PM, et al. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction and 30-day mortality among women and men. N Engl J Med 2000;343:8-15.
23a.* Correction to statements concerning the measurement of healthcare disparities in the National Healthcare Disparities Reports in earlier comment on Vaccarino et al. Journal Review Nov. 6, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16107620.html
Correcting no. 23 supra.
23. Effects of choice measure on determination of whether health care disparities are increasing or decreasing. Journal Review May 1, 2007: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16107620.html
Responding to:
Vaccarino V, Rathore SS, Wenger NK, et al. Sex and racial differences in the management of acute myocardial infarction, 1994 through 2002. N Engl J Med 2005;353:671-682;
Jha AK, Fisher ES, Li Z, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly. N Engl J Med 2005;353:683-691; and
Trivedi AN, Zaslavsky AM, Schneider EC, Ayanian JZ. Trends in the quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare managed care. N Engl J Med 2005;353:692-700.
22a. Understanding why reductions in injury rates will tend to increase relative differences in injury rates. Journal Review Dec. 21, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/17189036.html
22. Understanding why reductions in injury rates will tend to increase relative differences in injury rates. Lancet Jan. 31, 2007: http://www.theLancet.com/journals/Lancet/article/PIIS0140673606688958/comments?action=view&totalComments=1
Responding to:
Sethi D, Racioppi F, Baumgarten I, Bertollini R. Reducing inequalities from injuries in Europe. Lancet 2006:368:2243-50.
Replacing item 21 following Lancet’s discontinuation of posted responses.
21. Interpreting changes in relative inequalities in receipt of procedures. J Epidemiol Community Health Jan 25, 2007. http://jech.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/57/3/178
Responding to:
Hetemaa T, Keskimäki I, Manderbacka, et al. How did the recent increase in the supply or coronary operations in Finland affect socioeconomic and gender equity in their use? J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:178-185.
20. Interpreting patterns of inequalities in perinatal outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health January 18, 2007: http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/60/1/31
Responding to:
Fairley L, Leyland AH. Social class inequalities in perinatal outcomes: Scotland 1980-2000. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;601:31- 36.
19. The relationship between the prevalence of an outcome and the size of the relative disparity in experiencing it. BMJ Dec 14, 2006: http://www.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/333/7579/1177
Responding to:
Kristensen P. Review of Social Inequalities in Health: New Evidence and Policy Implications. BMJ 2006;333:1167.
18. Issue in the interpretation of health inequalities in New York. J Epidemiol Community Health Dec. 14, 2006: http://jech.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/60/12/1060
Responding to:
Karpati AM, Bassett MT, McCord C. Neighborhood mortality inequalities in New York City, 1989-1991 and 1999-2001. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:1060-1064.
17. Why we should expect Nordic countries to show large relative socioeconomic inequalities in mortality. Lancet Nov. 14, 1996:
http://www.jpscanlan.com/images/Comment_on_Wilkinson.pdf
Responding to:
Wilkinson R. The politics and health inequalities. Lancet 2006;368:1229-1230)
16. Explanation for large health inequalities in Nordic countries. Eur J Public Health Nov. 1, 2006: http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/eletters/15/5/518#22
Responding to:
Hemmingsson T, Lundberg I. Can large relative mortality differences between socioeconomic groups among Swedish men be explained by risk indicator-associated social mobility? Eur J Public Health 200515:518 -522.
15. Differences in comparing relative differences across subgroups. J Epidemiol Community Health Dec. 4, 2006: http://jech.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/60/9/760
Responding to:
Kaplan RM, Kronick RG. Marital status and longevity in the United States Population. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:760-765.
14. Differences in average hospital stay as a measure of inequality. Am J Public Health Aug. 18, 2006: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/AJPH.2005.063339v1
Responding to:
Icks A, Haastert B, Rathmann W, et al. Trends in hospitalization and sociodemographic factors in diabetic and nondiabetic populations in Germany: National Health Survey, 1990-1992 and 1998. Am J Public Health 2006;96:1656-1661.
13. Understanding inequalities in injury deaths. BMJ July 19, 2006: http://BMJ.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/333/7559/119
Responding to:
Edwards P, Green J, Roberts I, Lutchmun S. Deaths from injury in children and employment status in family: analysis of trends in class specific death rates. BMJ 2006;333:119-121.
12a. Understanding how changes in prevalence of adverse health outcomes affect health inequalities. Journal Review Dec. 20, 2008: http://journalreview.org/v2/articles/view/16616546.html
Replacing item 12 following Lancet’s discontinuation of posted responses.
12. Understanding how changes in prevalence of adverse health outcomes affect health inequalities. Lancet May 23, 2006: http://www.theLancet.com/journals/Lancet/article/PIIS0140673606684894/comments?action=view&totalComments=1
Responding to:
Wilkinson R, Pickett K. Health inequalities and the UK Presidency of the EU. Lancet 2006;376:1126-1128.
11a. Effects of standard adjustment approaches on relative and absolute inequalities. J Epidemiol and Community Health Nov. 2, 2009: http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/60/5/436
11.* Understanding social gradients in adverse health outcomes within high and low risk populations. J Epidemiol Community Health May 18, 2006: http://jech.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/60/5/436
Responding to:
Lynch J, Davey Smith G, Harper S, Bainbridge K. Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006:60:436-441.
10. Changing inequalities in morbidity. J Epidemiol Community Health May 16, 2006: http://jech.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/60/3/218
Responding to:
Adams J, Holland L, White M. Changes in socioeconomic inequalities in census measures of health in England and Wales, 1991-2001. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:218-222.
9. Re: Relative measures have limitations too. BMJ May 16, 2006: http://BMJ.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/332/7547/967
Responding to authors’ reply to item 8.
8. Problems with relative measures of health inequalities. BMJ May 8, 2006: http://BMJ.BMJjournals.com/cgi/eletters/332/7547/967
Responding to:
Low A, Low A. Importance of relative measures in policy on health inequalities. BMJ. 2006;332:967-969.
7. Interpreting increasing health inequalities in Spain. Am J Public Health Apr. 24, 2006: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/96/1/102
Responding to:
Regidor E, Ronda E, Pascual C, Martinez D, Calle ME, Dominguez V. Decreasing socioeconomic inequalities and increasing health inequalities in Spain: A case study. Am J Public Health 2006;96:102-108
6. Measuring health disparities. J Public Health Manag Pract 2006;12(3):293-296 (responding to Keppel KG, Pearcy JN. Measuring relative disparities in terms of adverse events. J Public Health Manag Pract 2005;11(6):479–483): http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=641470
Responding to:
5. Difficulties in the interpretation of patterns of health racial differences in allostatic load. Am J Pub Health Feb. 26, 2006: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/96/5/826 (In second sentence of second paragraph, “more prevalent” should be “less prevalent.”)
Responding to:
Geronimus A, Hicken M, Keene D, and Bound J. Weathering and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States. Am J Public Health 2006;96:826-833.
4. Interpreting trends in racial disparities in stillbirth. Am J Public Health Feb. 26, 2006: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/95/12/2213
Responding to:
Ananth CV, Shiliang L, Kinzler WL, Kramer MS. Stillbirths in the United States, 1981-2000: An Age, Period and Cohort Analysis. Am J Public Health 2005;95:2213-2217.
3. Changing social inequalities in SIDS. Am J Public Health Dec. 11, 2005: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/eletters/95/11/1976
Responding to:
Pickett et al. Widening social inequalities in risk for sudden infant death syndrome. Am J Public Health 2005;95:97-81.
2.. Interpreting changes in mortality differences. J Epidemiol Community Health Sep. 8, 2005: http://jech.BMJ.com/cgi/eletters/59/8/638
Responding to:
Shaw C., Blakely T., Atkinson J., Crampton P. Do social and economic reforms change socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality? A case study: New Zealand, 1981-1999. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:638-644.
1. Appraising the size of racial differences in mortality. Health Affairs Aug. 23, 2005: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/eletters/24/2/459
Responding to:
Satcher D., Fryer G.E., McCann J., et al. What if we were equal? A comparison of the black-white mortality gap in 1960 and 2000. Health Affairs 2005;24(2):459-564.
|